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= Ontology Summit 2018 =
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left: 10px;" border="1" cellpadding="10"
|-
! scope="row" | Session
| [[session::Planning]]
|-
! scope="row" | Duration
| [[duration::1.5 hour]]
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="3" | Date/Time
| [[has date::Sep 06 2017 16:30 GMT]]
|-
| 9:30am PDT/12:30pm EDT
|-
| 4:30pm GMT/5:30pm CET
|-
! scope="row" | Convener
| [[convener::KenBaclawski]]
|}


The [[OntologySummit|Ontology Summit]] is an annual series of events that involves the ontology community and communities related to each year's theme chosen for the summit. The Ontology Summit was started by Ontolog and NIST, and the program has been co-organized by Ontolog, NIST, NCOR, NCBO, IAOA, NCO_NITRD along with the co-sponsorship of other organizations that are supportive of the Summit goals and objectives.
= [[OntologySummit2018|Ontology Summit 2018]] First Planning Meeting =


The final version of the Communiqué is now available [http://bit.ly/2JvrxIi here].
== Abstract ==
In this session, we begin the Summit planning process.  The Ontolog Forum Board of Trustees has selected "Context" as the theme. However, since the emphasis will, of course, be on the relationship between contexts and ontologies, something like "Ontologies in Context" might be more descriptive.


= Description =
A useful starting point is "Contexts in Context" by Patrick J. Hayes
The Summit theme this year is '''Contexts in Context'''.
https://www.ihmc.us/users/phayes/Pub/ContextsInContext.pdf


In general, a context is defined to be the circumstances that form the setting for an event, statement, or idea, and in terms of which it can be better understood and assessed. Thus for utterance statements we often talk of the linguistic context of what is being expressed.  In addition there may be a physical context, circumstance or state of affairs in the real world that provides context for uttered statements.
In the agent world, the closest approximation to context is a BDI (Belief,
Some examples of synonyms or alternate terms that have the flavor of context then include circumstances, conditions, factors, state of affairs, situation, background, scene, setting, and frame(s) of reference. We may speak of physical situations as the context for events and ontologies do model the concept of "situation" as participating objects and processes as located in time and space [https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=9hChDQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA81&dq=situation+ontology+D%26S+pattern+ODP&ots=mcBwVl64CT&sig=YtUdp7gaMf7tm02vtVj_HYZcDTc#v=onepage&q=situation%20ontology%20D%26S%20pattern%20ODP&f=false See Ontology Engineering with Ontology Design Patterns: Foundations and Applications, 2016]
Desire, Intent) agent, primarily expressed using modal operators.
Eds P. Hitzler, A. Gangemi, K. Janowicz.
Clearly there are many understandings of "context" in general, and also how it relates to ontologies and its aspects in particular.  On the face of it context may apply to ontologies and its stated axioms. One may think of the meaning of an axiom in isolation like a sentence or more broadly as part of a related dialog in which sentences are embedded. An ontology attempts to specify a meaning. But ontologies have a framed scope with entities and relations within its scope.  This provides an internal contextual meaning within a scope or a framed scope. Depending on the depth of the ontology engineering not all relevant terms and associated concepts may be included and there may be relations not expressed. As long ago as 1998 Nicola Guarino made observed this in his [http://www.loa.istc.cnr.it/old/Papers/FOIS98.pdf Formal Ontology and Information Systems].
Sometimes targeted concepts cannot be easily expressed in axioms or encoded in a target language. Indeed some of conceptual understanding may only be expressed in associated documentation. In addition the knowledge inside a domain mind cannot be publicly observed, so as Hayes observes [https://www.ihmc.us/users/phayes/Pub/ContextsInContext.pdf in Contexts In Context]  "there are many ideas about what its structure might be."  Thus some concepts not included may provide some background for the ideas in a particular ontology.  In a keynote at CogSIMA 2012 conference Patrick Hayes said a bit more “Everyone agrees that meaning depends on context, but not everyone agrees what context is”. He continues that “… any theory of meaning will focus on some of the things that influence it, and whatever is left over gets to be called the “context” … so the “context” gets to be a trash-can term. It means all the rest, whatever that is.”
The summit this year will survey various manifestations of the context idea and particularly how an understanding of these and their uses affects ontology development, use and maintenance.  A goal is to identify some of the major research problems, such as the precision with which context should be specified, that must be solved so that an ontological approach to contexts is understood.  Based on this understanding we hope that contexts can be incorporated into ontological engineering practices to achieve richer ontologies.
A preliminary view of contexts provides several perspectives to investigate.
* In the agent world, the closest approximation to context is the circumstances of a BDI (Belief, Desire, Intent) agent. These can primarily be expressed using modal operators [https://www.irit.fr/~Andreas.Herzig/P/Ki16.pdf See for example BDI logics for BDI architectures:old problems, new perspectives]
* Other examples of context include
** Speech act theory
** Situation semantics
** Kamp/Heim Discourse Representation Theory (DRT)/file-change semantics
** Dynamic semantics
* There are several ways to represent contexts within a logical framework, including:
** Languages such as IKL (IKRIS) have a context logic built into them.
** Hybrid logic can also be used to specify contexts.


* John Sowa describes Context as:
Other examples of context include speech act theory, situation semantics,
Kamp/Heim Discourse Representation Theory (DRT)/file-change semantics, and the
fairly recent dynamic semantics.


The context needed to understand any text or discourse may include
Languages such as IKL (IKRIS) have a context logic built into them.
information of any kind, general or specific.  For this reason,
any reasoning about context is at a metalevel:  it's not about the
current subject matter, but about the methods for finding some
implicit information that should be added to the subject.


That information can come from several sources.  The immediate
Hybrid logic can also be used to specify contexts.  See
context includes the sentences that precede or follow the current
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/logic-hybrid/.
sentence. The background knowledge includes information about
the subject matter that is assumed by the speaker or author.
The situation includes the time, place, and audience or readers.
All these sources of information may change at different points
in a document or discourse.


Obrst, L, D. Nichols. 2005. Context and Ontologies: Contextual Indexing of
Ontological Expressions. AAAI 2005 Workshop on Context and Ontologies, poster,
AAAI 2005, July 9-13, Pittsburgh, PA.
http://www.mitre.org/publications/technical-papers/context-and-ontologies-contextual-indexing-of-ontological-expressions.


== Purpose ==
Blackburn, P. 2000. "Internalizing Labelled Deduction", Journal of Logic and Computation, 10: 137-168.
As part of Ontolog’s general advocacy to bring ontology science and engineering into the mainstream, we endeavor to abstract a conversational toolkit from the sessions that may facilitate discussion and knowledge sharing amongst stakeholders relevant to the topic. Our findings will be supported with examples from the various domains of interest. The results will be captured in the form of a 2018 Summit Communiqué, with expanded supporting material provided on the web.


= Process and Deliverables =
== Agenda  ==
* 1. Discuss the summit theme in more detail.
* 2. Discuss the structure and scheduling of the summit.  For example,
** Planning Phase from now until mid-November.
** Summit Phase from February to late April
** Symposium in May
* 3. Discuss the organizational structure.
* 4. AOB


Similar to our last twelve summits, this [[OntologySummit|Ontology Summit]] will consist of three months of virtual discourse (over our archived mailing lists) and virtual panel sessions (over augmented conference calls), and may culminate in a 2-day face-to-face [[Ontology_Summit_2018_Symposium|Symposium]] on 30 April and 1 May 2018, during which we, among other things, present our distilled thoughts in a collaboratively developed Communiqué.
[http://bit.ly/2rHDNeU Video Recording]


The Communiqué draft will be based on [[OntologySummit2018/Synthesis]].
== Conference Call Information ==
* Date: '''Wednesday, 06-September-2017'''
* Start Time: 9:30am PDT / 12:30pm EDT / 6:30pm CEST / 5:30pm BST / 1630 UTC
** ref: [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?month=09&day=06&year=2017&hour=12&min=30&sec=0&p1=179 World Clock]  
* Expected Call Duration: ~1.5 hours


= Structure and Discourse =
* Video Conference URL: https://bluejeans.com/703588230
** If you have not used BlueJeans before, then connect to the URL above before the meeting time so that the required plug-in can be installed.


== Meeting Days and Times ==
* Chatroom: http://webconf.soaphub.org/conf/room/ontology_summit_2018
* All meetings will ''by default'' be on Wednesdays and start at Noon Eastern Time.
** Instructions: once you got access to the page, click on the "settings" button, and identify yourself (by modifying the Name field from "anonymous" to your real name, like "[[JaneDoe]]").
** 9:00am Pacific Time
** You can indicate that you want to ask a question verbally by clicking on the "hand" button, and wait for the moderator to call on you; or, type and send your question into the chat window at the bottom of the screen.
** 5:00pm in the UK (except for 01 November, 14 March and 21 March which are at 4:00pm)
* This session, like all other Ontolog events, is open to the public. Information relating to this session is shared on this wiki page.
** 6:00pm in Continental Europe (except for 01 November, 14 March and 21 March which are at 5:00pm)
* Please note that this session may be recorded, and if so, the audio archive is expected to be made available as open content, along with the proceedings of the call to our community membership and the public at-large under [[WikiHomePage#Intellectual_Property_Rights_.28IPR.29_Policy|our prevailing open IPR policy]].
* Meetings will last for approximately 1.5 hours.


== Planning Session Meeting Schedule ==
== Attendees ==
* [[ConferenceCall_2017_09_06|First Planning Session on September 6, 2017]] Note: This meeting started one half hour later than the default starting time.
* [[DavidEddy|David Eddy]]
* [[ConferenceCall_2017_09_13|2017-09-13 First Research Session]]
* [[GaryBergCross|Gary Berg-Cross]]
* [[ConferenceCall_2017_09_20|2017-09-20 Second Research Session]] presented by [[JohnSowa|John Sowa]], ''Reasoning with and about contexts:  the 'ist' and 'that' operator''
* [[JackRing|Jack Ring]]
* [[ConferenceCall_2017_09_27|2017-09-27 Third Research Session]] continues the discussion on 2017-09-20.
* [[KenBaclawski|Ken Baclawski]]
* [[ConferenceCall_2017_10_04|2017-10-04 Contexts for Medical Decision Making]] presented by [[DavidWhitten|David Whitten]]
* [[MatthewWest|Matthew West]]
* [[ConferenceCall_2017_10_11|2017-10-11 Clarifying the Relationships among Ontologies, Context and System Realization and Efficacy]] presented by [[JackRing|Jack Ring]]
* [[MikeBennett|Mike Bennett]]
* [[ConferenceCall_2017_10_18|2017-10-18 Specifying Context with Upper Ontologies]] presented by [[MikeBennett|Mike Bennett]]
* [[RamSriram|Ram D. Sriram]]
* [[ConferenceCall_2017_10_25|2017-10-25 Linguistic Contexts]] presented by [[JohnSowa|John Sowa]]
* [[RaviSharma|Ravi Sharma]]
* [[ConferenceCall_2017_11_01|2017-11-01 General Planning Session]]
* [[ToddSchneider|Todd Schneider]]
* [[ConferenceCall_2017_11_08|2017-11-08 Final Planning Session]]
* [[ConferenceCall_2017_11_15|2017-11-15 Contexts for Integration and Interoperability]] presented by [[MatthewWest|Matthew West]]
* [[OntologySummit2018_ResearchSummary|Summary of Sessions]] edited by [[RaviSharma|Dr. Ravi Sharma]]


== Main Summit Meeting Schedule ==
== Proceedings ==
<table cellpadding="5" border="1">
[12:05] gary: I thought that we were moving these to a noon start...
<tr><th>Date</th><th>Track</th><th>Session</th><th>Champions</th></tr>
<tr><td>1/17</td><td>[[ConferenceCall_2018_01_17|Introduction]]</td><td></td><td>[[JohnSowa|John Sowa]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>1/24</td><td>[[ConferenceCall_2018_01_24|Domain specific needs for context]]</td><td>1</td><td>[[DavidWhitten|David Whitten]] and [[RaviSharma|Ravi Sharma]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>1/31</td><td>[[ConferenceCall_2018_01_31|Domain specific needs for context]]</td><td>2</td><td>[[DavidWhitten|David Whitten]] and [[RaviSharma|Ravi Sharma]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>2/7</td><td>[[ConferenceCall_2018_02_07|Upper ontologies for specifying context]]</td><td>1</td><td>[[MikeBennett|Mike Bennett]] and [[DavidWhitten|David Whitten]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>2/14</td><td>[[ConferenceCall_2018_02_14|Contexts in the Open Knowledge Network]]</td><td>1</td><td>[[RamSriram|Ram D. Sriram]] and [[GaryBergCross|Gary Berg-Cross]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>2/21</td><td>[[ConferenceCall_2018_02_21|Contexts for Integration and Interoperability ]]</td><td>1</td><td>[[CoryCasanave|Cory Casanave]] and [[RaviSharma|Ravi Sharma]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>2/28</td><td>[[ConferenceCall_2018_02_28|Synthesis Session]]</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>3/7</td><td>[[ConferenceCall_2018_03_07|Harmonizing diverse conceptualizations in multi-context systems engineering]]</td><td>3</td><td>[[JanetSinger|Janet Singer]] and [[JackRing|Jack Ring]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>3/14</td><td>[[ConferenceCall_2018_03_14|Upper ontologies for specifying context]]</td><td>2</td><td>[[MikeBennett|Mike Bennett]] and [[DavidWhitten|David Whitten]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>3/21</td><td>[[ConferenceCall_2018_03_21|Contexts for Integration and Interoperability ]]</td><td>2</td><td>[[CoryCasanave|Cory Casanave]] and [[RaviSharma|Ravi Sharma]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>3/28</td><td>[[ConferenceCall_2018_03_28|Contexts in the Open Knowledge Network]]</td><td>2</td><td>[[RamSriram|Ram D. Sriram]] and [[GaryBergCross|Gary Berg-Cross]]</td></tr>
<tr><td>4/4</td><td>[[ConferenceCall_2018_04_04|Synthesis Session]]</td><td>2</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>4/11</td><td>[[ConferenceCall_2018_04_11|Communique Session]]</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>4/18</td><td>[[ConferenceCall_2018_04_18|Communique Session]]</td><td>2</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>4/25</td><td>[[ConferenceCall_2018_04_25|Communique Session]]</td><td>3</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>4/30 and 5/1</td><td>[[Ontology_Summit_2018_Symposium|Symposium]]</td><td/><td/></tr>
</table>


== Blog Pages ==
[12:07] gary: From our August Board Meeting "[12:50]KenBaclawski: I move to change the default time/date for meetings to Noon on Wednesdays.
<table cellpadding="5" border="1">
[12:50]KenBaclawski: The motion passes unanimously."
<tr><th>Track Blog</th><th>Champions</th></tr>
<tr><td>[[Blog:Domain_specific_needs_for_context|Domain Specific Needs]]<td>[[DavidWhitten|David Whitten]] and [[RaviSharma|Ravi Sharma]]</td><tr>
<tr><td>[[Blog:Upper_ontologies_for_contexts|Upper Ontologies]]<td>[[MikeBennett|Mike Bennett]] and [[DavidWhitten|David Whitten]]</td><tr>
<tr><td>[[Blog:Contexts_in_the_Open_Knowledge_Network|Open Knowledge Network]]<td>[[RamSriram|Ram D. Sriram]] and [[GaryBergCross|Gary Berg-Cross]]</td><tr>
<tr><td>[[Blog:Contexts_for_Integration_and_Interoperability|Integration and Interoperability]]<td>[[CoryCasanave|Cory Casanave]] assisted by [[RaviSharma|Ravi Sharma]]</td><tr>
<tr><td>[[Blog:Multi-context_systems_engineering|Systems Engineering]]<td>[[JanetSinger|Janet Singer]] and [[JackRing|Jack Ring]]</td><tr>
<tr><td>[[Blog:Representation_of_Context|Representation of Context]]</td><td>[[CoryCasanave|Cory Casanave]]</td></tr>
</table>


= Resource Pages =
KenBaclawski: My posting on the mailing list did attempt to make it clear that the Noon start time begins next week since the start time for today's session was set several months ago.  Nevertheless, I hoped to start the video conference at Noon.  Unfortunatly, I had some technical difficulty starting the session at Noon.  The original connection URL was canceled, and I had to create a new one.  This required updating the wiki and posting a notice.  The conference session actually started at 12:15 EDT.
=== Synthesis Page ===
The Communiqu&eacute; will be based on [[OntologySummit2018/Synthesis]]


=== Meeting Call and Connection Info ===
[12:10] JackRing1: My perspective concerns creating a system that enables stakeholders to control another system, the Problem System, which is mind-numbingly complex and non-deterministic. To me this means that the PS is the context of those creating the Problem Suppression System, PSS. Likewise the stakeholders in the PS consider those in the PSS to be context. Our challenge is to realize a way to correlate the two contexts sufficient for a successful PSS.
Conference call URL is: https://bluejeans.com/703588230
* If you have not used BlueJeans before, then connect to the URL above before the meeting time so that the required plug-in can be installed.


= Meetings =
[12:15] KenBaclawski: The change to Noon will occur starting at the next meeting.  However, the video conference is now running.  The URL has changed to https://bluejeans.com/703588230.
{{#ask: [[Category:OntologySummit2018]] [[Category:Icom_conf_Conference]]
|?|mainlabel=-|sort=has date |order=asc| format=ul| limit=20}}


[12:30] gary: PAT Hayes probably still stands by the advice that "there is no useful single idea of "context", and in order to
construct nontrivial theories of contextual truth, it is necessary to distinguish different conceptions of context and analyze their
varying and different properties."
[12:32] gary: Hmm. I'm getting "Well
It seems the page you are looking for does not exist."
[12:36] gary: You need text which has context.
[12:42] MatthewWest: I can offer to do a talk about context in data integration, where it is a major problem. Context here means that which some application or data set takes as given, rather than makes explicit. Generally different applications/data sets have different contexts, and to be able to integrate those applications/data sets you  need to make the implicit context explicit.
[12:46] ToddSchneider: Matthew, your audio is completely distorte.
[12:47] gary: "We identify four important varieties of contexts  Projection Contexts, Approximation Contexts, Ambiguity Contexts and Mental State Contexts. We define each type, describe sub-types, list benchmark examples of each sub-type, discuss their practical uses and the requirements they make of the underlying logic. We pay particular attention to the problem of lifting, i.e., of using information obtained from one context in another and describe how these different varieties of contexts tend to require different kinds of lifting rules." from Varieties of Contexts by R. Guha, John McCarthy
[12:48] gary: Also releavnt: Guha, Ramanathan, Rob McCool, and Richard Fikes. "Contexts for the semantic web." International Semantic Web Conference. Vol. 3298. 2004.
[12:50] gary: Another aspect of this is the use of a context understanding as part of ontology engineering.  For example, "De Leenheer, Pieter, Aldo De Moor, and Robert Meersman. "Context dependency management in ontology engineering: a formal approach." Journal on data semantics VIII. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2007. 26-56."
[12:52] JackRing: In what ways does my ontology differ from yours, why, and can we discover a mutual map?
[12:53] MatthewWest: I agree with Ken that there are several views on what context is, and that it would be useful to explore and elucidate those different views.
[12:54] MikeBennett: I can do a track or session on Context as an upper ontology element (the 3-part pattern) if that fits.
[12:54] MatthewWest: I agree with Jack that understanding why one ontology is different from yours is an important notion of context.
[12:55] JackRing: Seems to me we will be revisiting General Semantics from Korsybsky to date.
[12:56] MikeBennett: @JackRing yet but in language that business practitioners can take away something actionable from, hopefully
[12:56] gary: Well we have to ask, How is context represented/modeled in "Upper Ontologies?"
[12:56] ToddSchneider: Nicola and Giancarlo have a recent paper on Relationships and Events that discuss scenes and events in the 'context' of reification and truthmaking.
[12:57] MikeBennett: @Gary one (very specific) notion of Context is the Sowa "Mediating Thing" i.e. that in which 2 or more entities are brought together in relationships (the Relative Thing notion). So this is the context in which one is a teacher, a customer and so on.
[12:57] gary: FYI, In the Ontolog Board meeting I asked John Sowa if he would be willing to be on an Intro panel and he agreed.
[12:58] ToddSchneider: Hans Polzer would be amenable to talk on context and interoperability.
[12:59] ToddSchneider: Matthew, your audio is coming across distorted.
[13:01] MikeBennett: So my upper ontology proposal embraces the notion of context as a concept.
[13:02] gary: Context will be important as part of IoT work.  There is some early work on managing context in mobile devices/services. For example, "In mobile computing, the efficient utilisation of the information
gained from the sensors embedded in the devices is difficult. Instead of using
raw measurement data application specifically, as currently is customary, higher
abstraction level semantic descriptions of the situation, context, can be used to
develop mobile applications that are more usable. This article introduces an ontology
of context constituents, which are derived from a set of sensors embedded
in a mobile device. In other words, a semantic interface to the sensor data is
provided. The ontology promotes the rapid development of mobile applications,
more efficient use of resources, as well as reuse and sharing of information between
communicating entities. A few mobile applications are presented to illustrate
the possibilities of using the ontology." Korpip&aumlaut;&aumlaut;, Panu, and Jani M&aumlat;ntyj&aumlaut;rvi. "An ontology for mobile device sensor-based context awareness." Modeling and Using Context (2003): 451-458.
[13:04] MikeBennett: @Gary this looks like an important area to explore and a tie-in to earlier summit. This IoT issue is one that needs people to distinguish between ontology representations of measurement versus what's measured i.e. the ontology has to provide the context to tie these two notions together.
[13:13] MatthewWest: I've tried a couple of things on audio, but they are obviously not working.
[13:13] Ram D. Sriram: I need to go to another meeting. Am logging off.
[13:13] MatthewWest: It would be useful even to set out what are the different senses in which context is useful, and what future work is required to make progress.
[13:14] gary: @MikeG  agreed.  Don't know the current research but we could leverage some of what we did earlier in the IoT Summit to give us some ideas of how to start.
[13:15] MikeBennett: @Gary some of the IoT speakers might be a resource on this. To me the issue seems clear (many SemWeb ontologies are really of data). Would love to see how they handle this.
[13:15] gary: @Mathew, we probably need you type in your comments....
[13:17] JackRing: Anybody connected to Julliard School of Music
[13:18] MatthewWest: Sorry, I have to leave now. I don't mind leading something on context in integration, but I'm not aware of too many others who have done work in that field, so I will need help with that.
[13:21] MikeBennett: Oct 18 for MikeBennett session (Context as a Concept - Mediating Thing / Upper Ontology notion of context)
[13:25] KenBaclawski:
  10/4 Situation Awareness and Decision Making [KB]
  10/11 Systems Theory [JR]
  10/18 Upper Ontologies [MB]
  10/25 Linguistics [TBD]
  11/1 Integration and Interoperability [MW and others]
  11/8 General Planning Session
  11/15 Final Planning Session
[13:28] KenBaclawski: Updated schedule:
  9/13 Paper club
  9/20 Paper club
  9/27 Paper club
  10/4 Situation Awareness and Decision Making [KB]
  10/11 Systems [JR]
  10/18 Upper Ontologies [MB]
  10/25 Linguistics [TBD]
  11/1 Integration and Interoperability [MW and others]
  11/8 General Planning Session
  11/15 Final Planning Session
[13:28] RaviSharma: Would like to suggest at least a list of major context related words, concepts such as situation awareness, myontology vs yours, etc as discussed today so as to understad the relative importance of items to context especially for existing and future ontologies and specially upper ontologies. this would lead us to a few frameworks that might help converge on context in relevance to ontologies.
[13:34] RaviSharma: the result of planning sessions would be a series of expert presentations early in the year leading to communique and face to face?
[13:34] ToddSchneider1: Have to go. Thank you Ken.
[13:36] RaviSharma: I understand that for the paper sessions, I WOULD TRY TO READ AND COMPREHEND (TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE) - sorry for uppercase not intended, and follow up with bibliography etc on the Wiki?
[13:37] RaviSharma: summarizing the session as scribe, not necessarily the paper summary for ravi.
[13:37] RaviSharma: and putting it on wiki?
KenBaclawski: Yes, put it on the wiki.
[13:37] RaviSharma: thanks.
[13:38] KenBaclawski: Updated Schedule:
  9/13 Paper club
  9/20 Paper club
  9/27 Paper club
  10/4 Situation Awareness and Decision Making [KB]
  10/11 System Realization and Efficacy [JR]
  10/18 Upper Ontologies [MB]
  10/25 Linguistics [TBD]
  11/1 Integration and Interoperability [MW and others]
  11/8 General Planning Session
  11/15 Final Planning Session
[13:40] KenBaclawski: Meeting adjourned.
[13:40] Gary Berg-Cross2: Ken, put the instructions for the paper sessions on the site.  It's context !
[13:41] KenBaclawski: Yes, I will try to capture both the instructions and material from the recording that is not on the chat.
== Resources ==
[http://bit.ly/2rHDNeU Video Recording]
== Previous Meetings ==
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== Next Meetings ==
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[[Category:OntologySummit]]
[[Category:OntologySummit2018]]
[[Category:OntologySummit2018]]
[[Category:Icom_conf_Conference]]
[[Category:Occurrence| ]]

Latest revision as of 03:50, 15 May 2018

Session Planning
Duration 1.5 hour
Date/Time Sep 06 2017 16:30 GMT
9:30am PDT/12:30pm EDT
4:30pm GMT/5:30pm CET
Convener KenBaclawski

Ontology Summit 2018 First Planning Meeting

Abstract

In this session, we begin the Summit planning process. The Ontolog Forum Board of Trustees has selected "Context" as the theme. However, since the emphasis will, of course, be on the relationship between contexts and ontologies, something like "Ontologies in Context" might be more descriptive.

A useful starting point is "Contexts in Context" by Patrick J. Hayes https://www.ihmc.us/users/phayes/Pub/ContextsInContext.pdf

In the agent world, the closest approximation to context is a BDI (Belief, Desire, Intent) agent, primarily expressed using modal operators.

Other examples of context include speech act theory, situation semantics, Kamp/Heim Discourse Representation Theory (DRT)/file-change semantics, and the fairly recent dynamic semantics.

Languages such as IKL (IKRIS) have a context logic built into them.

Hybrid logic can also be used to specify contexts. See https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/logic-hybrid/.

Obrst, L, D. Nichols. 2005. Context and Ontologies: Contextual Indexing of Ontological Expressions. AAAI 2005 Workshop on Context and Ontologies, poster, AAAI 2005, July 9-13, Pittsburgh, PA. http://www.mitre.org/publications/technical-papers/context-and-ontologies-contextual-indexing-of-ontological-expressions.

Blackburn, P. 2000. "Internalizing Labelled Deduction", Journal of Logic and Computation, 10: 137-168.

Agenda

  • 1. Discuss the summit theme in more detail.
  • 2. Discuss the structure and scheduling of the summit. For example,
    • Planning Phase from now until mid-November.
    • Summit Phase from February to late April
    • Symposium in May
  • 3. Discuss the organizational structure.
  • 4. AOB

Video Recording

Conference Call Information

  • Date: Wednesday, 06-September-2017
  • Start Time: 9:30am PDT / 12:30pm EDT / 6:30pm CEST / 5:30pm BST / 1630 UTC
  • Expected Call Duration: ~1.5 hours
  • Video Conference URL: https://bluejeans.com/703588230
    • If you have not used BlueJeans before, then connect to the URL above before the meeting time so that the required plug-in can be installed.
  • Chatroom: http://webconf.soaphub.org/conf/room/ontology_summit_2018
    • Instructions: once you got access to the page, click on the "settings" button, and identify yourself (by modifying the Name field from "anonymous" to your real name, like "JaneDoe").
    • You can indicate that you want to ask a question verbally by clicking on the "hand" button, and wait for the moderator to call on you; or, type and send your question into the chat window at the bottom of the screen.
  • This session, like all other Ontolog events, is open to the public. Information relating to this session is shared on this wiki page.
  • Please note that this session may be recorded, and if so, the audio archive is expected to be made available as open content, along with the proceedings of the call to our community membership and the public at-large under our prevailing open IPR policy.

Attendees

Proceedings

[12:05] gary: I thought that we were moving these to a noon start...

[12:07] gary: From our August Board Meeting "[12:50]KenBaclawski: I move to change the default time/date for meetings to Noon on Wednesdays. [12:50]KenBaclawski: The motion passes unanimously."

KenBaclawski: My posting on the mailing list did attempt to make it clear that the Noon start time begins next week since the start time for today's session was set several months ago. Nevertheless, I hoped to start the video conference at Noon. Unfortunatly, I had some technical difficulty starting the session at Noon. The original connection URL was canceled, and I had to create a new one. This required updating the wiki and posting a notice. The conference session actually started at 12:15 EDT.

[12:10] JackRing1: My perspective concerns creating a system that enables stakeholders to control another system, the Problem System, which is mind-numbingly complex and non-deterministic. To me this means that the PS is the context of those creating the Problem Suppression System, PSS. Likewise the stakeholders in the PS consider those in the PSS to be context. Our challenge is to realize a way to correlate the two contexts sufficient for a successful PSS.

[12:15] KenBaclawski: The change to Noon will occur starting at the next meeting. However, the video conference is now running. The URL has changed to https://bluejeans.com/703588230.

[12:30] gary: PAT Hayes probably still stands by the advice that "there is no useful single idea of "context", and in order to construct nontrivial theories of contextual truth, it is necessary to distinguish different conceptions of context and analyze their varying and different properties."

[12:32] gary: Hmm. I'm getting "Well It seems the page you are looking for does not exist."

[12:36] gary: You need text which has context.

[12:42] MatthewWest: I can offer to do a talk about context in data integration, where it is a major problem. Context here means that which some application or data set takes as given, rather than makes explicit. Generally different applications/data sets have different contexts, and to be able to integrate those applications/data sets you need to make the implicit context explicit.

[12:46] ToddSchneider: Matthew, your audio is completely distorte.

[12:47] gary: "We identify four important varieties of contexts Projection Contexts, Approximation Contexts, Ambiguity Contexts and Mental State Contexts. We define each type, describe sub-types, list benchmark examples of each sub-type, discuss their practical uses and the requirements they make of the underlying logic. We pay particular attention to the problem of lifting, i.e., of using information obtained from one context in another and describe how these different varieties of contexts tend to require different kinds of lifting rules." from Varieties of Contexts by R. Guha, John McCarthy

[12:48] gary: Also releavnt: Guha, Ramanathan, Rob McCool, and Richard Fikes. "Contexts for the semantic web." International Semantic Web Conference. Vol. 3298. 2004.

[12:50] gary: Another aspect of this is the use of a context understanding as part of ontology engineering. For example, "De Leenheer, Pieter, Aldo De Moor, and Robert Meersman. "Context dependency management in ontology engineering: a formal approach." Journal on data semantics VIII. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2007. 26-56."

[12:52] JackRing: In what ways does my ontology differ from yours, why, and can we discover a mutual map?

[12:53] MatthewWest: I agree with Ken that there are several views on what context is, and that it would be useful to explore and elucidate those different views.

[12:54] MikeBennett: I can do a track or session on Context as an upper ontology element (the 3-part pattern) if that fits.

[12:54] MatthewWest: I agree with Jack that understanding why one ontology is different from yours is an important notion of context.

[12:55] JackRing: Seems to me we will be revisiting General Semantics from Korsybsky to date.

[12:56] MikeBennett: @JackRing yet but in language that business practitioners can take away something actionable from, hopefully

[12:56] gary: Well we have to ask, How is context represented/modeled in "Upper Ontologies?"

[12:56] ToddSchneider: Nicola and Giancarlo have a recent paper on Relationships and Events that discuss scenes and events in the 'context' of reification and truthmaking.

[12:57] MikeBennett: @Gary one (very specific) notion of Context is the Sowa "Mediating Thing" i.e. that in which 2 or more entities are brought together in relationships (the Relative Thing notion). So this is the context in which one is a teacher, a customer and so on.

[12:57] gary: FYI, In the Ontolog Board meeting I asked John Sowa if he would be willing to be on an Intro panel and he agreed.

[12:58] ToddSchneider: Hans Polzer would be amenable to talk on context and interoperability.

[12:59] ToddSchneider: Matthew, your audio is coming across distorted.

[13:01] MikeBennett: So my upper ontology proposal embraces the notion of context as a concept.

[13:02] gary: Context will be important as part of IoT work. There is some early work on managing context in mobile devices/services. For example, "In mobile computing, the efficient utilisation of the information gained from the sensors embedded in the devices is difficult. Instead of using raw measurement data application specifically, as currently is customary, higher abstraction level semantic descriptions of the situation, context, can be used to develop mobile applications that are more usable. This article introduces an ontology of context constituents, which are derived from a set of sensors embedded in a mobile device. In other words, a semantic interface to the sensor data is provided. The ontology promotes the rapid development of mobile applications, more efficient use of resources, as well as reuse and sharing of information between communicating entities. A few mobile applications are presented to illustrate the possibilities of using the ontology." Korpip&aumlaut;&aumlaut;, Panu, and Jani M&aumlat;ntyj&aumlaut;rvi. "An ontology for mobile device sensor-based context awareness." Modeling and Using Context (2003): 451-458.

[13:04] MikeBennett: @Gary this looks like an important area to explore and a tie-in to earlier summit. This IoT issue is one that needs people to distinguish between ontology representations of measurement versus what's measured i.e. the ontology has to provide the context to tie these two notions together.

[13:13] MatthewWest: I've tried a couple of things on audio, but they are obviously not working.

[13:13] Ram D. Sriram: I need to go to another meeting. Am logging off.

[13:13] MatthewWest: It would be useful even to set out what are the different senses in which context is useful, and what future work is required to make progress.

[13:14] gary: @MikeG agreed. Don't know the current research but we could leverage some of what we did earlier in the IoT Summit to give us some ideas of how to start.

[13:15] MikeBennett: @Gary some of the IoT speakers might be a resource on this. To me the issue seems clear (many SemWeb ontologies are really of data). Would love to see how they handle this.

[13:15] gary: @Mathew, we probably need you type in your comments....

[13:17] JackRing: Anybody connected to Julliard School of Music

[13:18] MatthewWest: Sorry, I have to leave now. I don't mind leading something on context in integration, but I'm not aware of too many others who have done work in that field, so I will need help with that.

[13:21] MikeBennett: Oct 18 for MikeBennett session (Context as a Concept - Mediating Thing / Upper Ontology notion of context)

[13:25] KenBaclawski: 

 10/4 Situation Awareness and Decision Making [KB]
 10/11 Systems Theory [JR]
 10/18 Upper Ontologies [MB]
 10/25 Linguistics [TBD]
 11/1 Integration and Interoperability [MW and others]
 11/8 General Planning Session
 11/15 Final Planning Session

[13:28] KenBaclawski: Updated schedule: 

 9/13 Paper club
 9/20 Paper club
 9/27 Paper club
 10/4 Situation Awareness and Decision Making [KB]
 10/11 Systems [JR]
 10/18 Upper Ontologies [MB]
 10/25 Linguistics [TBD]
 11/1 Integration and Interoperability [MW and others]
 11/8 General Planning Session
 11/15 Final Planning Session

[13:28] RaviSharma: Would like to suggest at least a list of major context related words, concepts such as situation awareness, myontology vs yours, etc as discussed today so as to understad the relative importance of items to context especially for existing and future ontologies and specially upper ontologies. this would lead us to a few frameworks that might help converge on context in relevance to ontologies.

[13:34] RaviSharma: the result of planning sessions would be a series of expert presentations early in the year leading to communique and face to face?

[13:34] ToddSchneider1: Have to go. Thank you Ken.

[13:36] RaviSharma: I understand that for the paper sessions, I WOULD TRY TO READ AND COMPREHEND (TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE) - sorry for uppercase not intended, and follow up with bibliography etc on the Wiki?

[13:37] RaviSharma: summarizing the session as scribe, not necessarily the paper summary for ravi.

[13:37] RaviSharma: and putting it on wiki?

KenBaclawski: Yes, put it on the wiki.

[13:37] RaviSharma: thanks.

[13:38] KenBaclawski: Updated Schedule: 

 9/13 Paper club
 9/20 Paper club
 9/27 Paper club
 10/4 Situation Awareness and Decision Making [KB]
 10/11 System Realization and Efficacy [JR]
 10/18 Upper Ontologies [MB]
 10/25 Linguistics [TBD]
 11/1 Integration and Interoperability [MW and others]
 11/8 General Planning Session
 11/15 Final Planning Session

[13:40] KenBaclawski: Meeting adjourned.

[13:40] Gary Berg-Cross2: Ken, put the instructions for the paper sessions on the site. It's context !

[13:41] KenBaclawski: Yes, I will try to capture both the instructions and material from the recording that is not on the chat.

Resources

Video Recording

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